Methods

Study Area

Because of the size of the GSL ecosystem, the original organizing group of the GSL Waterbird Survey decided to concentrate the survey efforts for the five-year study on the known areas of waterbird concentration within the GSL ecosystem. In general, this area included the GSL surface, shoreline, and associated wetlands, including the three major delta regions and nearby wetland complexes that drain into the GSL. Within this focus area, we identified sites to be surveyed in all the primary habitats, which included open water, shoreline, managed and unmanaged wetlands, and points of fresh/salt water interface (Figure 1). Most of the survey areas occurred near the east side, and north and south ends of the lake. There were a few survey areas that were placed on the west side and at the extreme north and south ends of the lake to cover more xeric environments. Of the four regions of the lake proper, only the North Arm was left unsurveyed.

Figure 1. Great Salt Lake Waterbird Survey areas classified by habitat type.

Actual survey sites included all the primary wetlands, and all of the shoreline on the east side of the lake from Stansbury Island on the south to and including the east side of Promontory Point on the north end (Figure 1, Table 2). Open water was surveyed at Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and Ogden Bay west to a geo-referenced line between Antelope and Fremont islands. An estimated 73% of important wetlands, largely within duck clubs, was not covered by this effort because of limited access and man power. 

Organizers of actual survey sites took into consideration land ownership, potential access, proximity to other survey areas, habitat type(s), the ability to recruit surveyors, specialized equipment needs and other logistical factors. The selection of actual survey routes and area sizes was largely predicated on the capacity to survey the area in four-hours or less. Survey areas were mapped and assigned a survey area name and number. Eventually, each survey was developed into a survey polygon and geo-referenced for purposes of assessing relative avian population. Over the five-year study period, five new survey areas were included into the project. 

Table 2. Summary of GSL Waterbird Survey areas.

Area Number
Area Name
Years
Surveyed
Survey Technique
Mode of Travel
Site Description
1
Timpie Springs WMA
1997-2001
TC
Driving
State managed wetland
2
Stansbury Island North
1999-2001
AR
Airplane
Private Shoreline
3a
Stansbury Island South - N
1997-2001
TC w/PS
ATV/Walking
Shoreline
3b
Stansbury Island South - S
1997-2001
TC w/PS
ATV/Walking
Shoreline
4
Interstate 80 South
Not Surveyed
5a
Interstate 80 North - N
1997-2001
TC w/PS (semi-circular plots)
Driving
Shoreline
5b
Interstate 80 North - S
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Wetland-flooded area
6
Saltair
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
7
Associated Duck Club
1997-2001
TC
Driving/Walking
Private duck club
8a
Kennecott - Lakeside
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
8c
Kennecott - ISSR
1997-2001
TC
Walking
Privately managed wetland
9a
Audubon Lakeside
1997-2001
TC w/PS
ATV/Walking
Shoreline
9b
Audubon North
1997-2001
TC w/PS
ATV/Walking
Shoreline
9c
Audubon Interior
2001
TC w/AC
ATV/Walking
Privately managed wetland
10
Crystal Lakeside
1997-2001
TC
Airboat
Marsh
11
Farmington Bay Lakeside
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Driving
Shoreline
12
Farmington Bay WMA
1997-2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
13
West Farmington
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
14
Antelope Island East
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Island shoreline
15
Antelope Island West
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Island shoreline
16
Antelope Island Causeway
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Road to island
17a
West Kaysville - Interior
1997-2001
TC
Airboat
Marsh
17b
West Kaysville - Shore
1997-2001
TC w/PS ('97), TC ('98-'01)
ATV/Walking/airboat
Shoreline
18
West Layton
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
19a
Howard Slough WMA - Shore
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
19b
Howard Slough WMA - Dike
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Diked shoreline
19c
Howard Slough WMA - Pond
1997-2001
TC w/AC ('97), TC ('98-'01)
Driving/Walking
State managed wetland
20
Ogden Bay WMA
1997-2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
21
Ogden Bay Lakeside
1997-2001
TC
Airboat
Marsh
22
Ogden Bay North
1998-2001
TC
Airboat
Shoreline
23
Rainbow
1998-2001
TC
Driving
Private duck club
24
South Harold
1998-2001
TC
Driving
State managed wetland
25
Harold Crane WMA
1997-2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
26
West Harold Crane Mud Bar
Not Surveyed
27
South Bear River
1997-2001
TC
Airboat
Federal managed wetland
28
Willard Spur
1997-2001
TC ('97), AR ('97-'01)
Airboat/Airplane
Federal managed wetland
29
Bear River Refuge
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Federal managed wetland
30
Bear River Club
1997-2001
TC
Driving/Walking
Private duck club
31
Chesapeake
Not Surveyed
32
Public Shooting Grounds WMA
1997-2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
33
Salt Creek WMA
1997-2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
34a
East Promontory - N
1997-2001
TC w/PS
Walking
Shoreline
34b
East Promontory - S
1997-2001
TC
Driving
Shoreline
35
Locomotive Springs WMA
1997, 2001
TC w/AC
Driving
State managed wetland
36
Salt Wells Flat WHA
1997-2001
TC w/PS & AC
ATV/Walking
Federal shoreline, wetland, mudflat
37
Bear River Bay
1997-2001
AR
Airplane
Open water
38
Ogden Bay
1997-2001
AR
Airplane
Open water
39
Farmington Bay
1997-2001
AR
Airplane
Open water
40
Magcorp
1998-2001
TC
Driving
Two lakeside ponds
41
New State Duck Club
1999, 2001
TC
Motorized Boat
Private duck club
42
East Farmington Bay
1999-2001
TC
Driving
Agricultural, urban, industrial lands
43
Deardens Knoll
1999-2001
TC w/PS
Driving
US Airforce/BLM public land
44
Jordan River
1999-2000
AR
Airplane
Private agricultural land